detecting the exact conclusion is of the first importance. On the topic of necessary and sufficient conditions, Omit the quotation marks.īlock quote with parenthetical citation (Author's name and publication date in brackets) Long quotations - Quotations of 40 words or more should be placed in a double-spaced block of typewritten lines indented 1.27cm from the left margin.
Note: To indicate that you have abbreviated a long heading/section name use quotation marks.
CLEAN TEXT QUOTATION MARKS HOW TO
How to obtain additional support for yourself or the person you’re “looking after would help you to juggle work and care” (Carers UK, n.d., “Getting support for you" section, para. Maltin (2015) reported that young viewers thought “that the men who made it must have been stoned” (para. … “product and services exports are a valuable addition to New Zealand's food and fibre exports” (New Zealand Trade & Enterprise, n.d., Agribusiness section). You can also use both the heading/section name and the paragraph number. Otherwise count the number or paragraphs and include the abbreviation para. If available, use heading or section names. 25).Įlectronic sources - many electronic sources e.g., webpages, some ebooks and electronic articles have no page numbers. Smith (1983) stated that "sales people with high need for achievement sell the most kitchen appliances, whereas those with low need for achievement are better at selling garden tools" (p. the results show that "sleepiness seems to be a very underrated factor in accidents" (Leger, 1994, p. Print sources - for all print sources you must include the page number. The format varies depending on whether the source is in print or electronic form.
Short quotations - Quotations of fewer than 40 words should be incorporated into the text and enclosed with double quotation marks. Anything added or changed in order to render the directly quoted material grammatically compatible with your text must be contained in square brackets.An error can be indicated by ( Latin for thus) directly following the incorrect material.Use four ellipsis points to indicate any omission between sentences. Three ellipsis points indicate material that has been omitted from the original.Present a well-stated passage whose meaning would be lost or changed if paraphrased or summarised.ĭirect quotations should exactly match the original source in terms of spelling and punctuation Where alterations or corrections are required, these can be indicated by the use of square brackets.Include an especially significant piece of information or detail.However, incorporating the exact words of others into your text can enrich your argument. Remember that most of your writing should be in your own words. In general, use direct quotations sparingly and only for good reason.
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